Notes

1. W. George Beers, Lacrosse: The National Game of Canada (Montreal: Dawson, 1879), https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.26411/15?r=0&s=1, 32.

2. Erin Mathany, “Canada Games Council: Lacrosse Returns to Canada Games in 2021,” Canada Games Council - Stories, April 11, 2019, https://www.canadagames.ca/stories/lacrosse-returns-to-canada-games-in-2021.

3. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Calls to Action (Winnipeg, Manitoba: Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, 2015).

4. Alexandra Arellano and Allan Downey, “Sport-for-Development and the Failure of Aboriginal Subjecthood: Re-Imagining Lacrosse as Resurgence in Indigenous Communities,” Settler Colonial Studies 9, no. 4 (2018): 460.

5. Allan Downey, The Creator's Game: Lacrosse, Identity, and Indigenous Nationhood (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2018), 38.

6. Fabrice Delsahut, “From Baggataway to Lacrosse: An Example of the Sportization of Native American Games,” The International Journal of the History of Sport 32, no. 7 (March 2015): pp. 923-938, https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2015.1038252, 925.

7. Beers, Lacrosse, 32.

8. Arellano and Downey, “Sport-for-Development and the Failure of Aboriginal Subjecthood,” 464.

9. Donald M. Fisher, “‘Splendid but Undesirable Isolation:’ Recasting Canada’s National Game as Box Lacrosse, 1931-1932,” Sport History Review 36, no. 2 (2005): pp. 115-129, https://doi.org/10.1123/shr.36.2.115, 115.

10. Downey, The Creator's Game, 168.

11. Downey, The Creator's Game, 167.

12. Fisher, “‘Splendid but Undesirable Isolation,'” 117.

13. Downey, The Creator's Game, 189.

14. Downey, The Creator's Game, 195.

15. Canadian Lacrosse Association, “Rule and Situation Handbook Cover - LMMLC,” Lower Mainland Minor Lacrosse Commission, 2019, https://www.lmmlc.ca/docs/CLA_Rules.pdf, 10.

16. National Lacrosse League, “Box Lacrosse 101,” NLL, November 21, 2021, https://www.nll.com/community/box-lacrosse-101/.

17. Paul McLaughlin, David McDonald, and Claire St Aubin, Jeux Canada Games: The First Decade (Ottawa: the Canada Games Council, and Fitness and Amateur Sport, 1978), 28.

18. McLaughlin, McDonald, and St Aubin, Jeux Canada Games, 26.

19. Downey, The Creator's Game, 200.

20. 1973 Canada Games (City of St. Catharines, 1970), 12.

21. Downey, The Creator's Game, 200.

22. Robert Kossuth and David McMurray, “Reclaiming Canada through Its ‘Ancient’ Sport: Lacrosse and the Native Sons of Canada in Late 1920s Alberta,” The International Journal of the History of Sport 32, no. 14 (2015): pp. 1642-1660, https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2015.1072514, 1642.

23. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Calls to Action, 10.

24. “About IPC,” Indigenous Partnership Council 2022, 2021, https://ipc2022.ca/about-ipc/.

25. McLaughlin, McDonald, and St Aubin, Jeux Canada Games, 2.

26. McLaughlin, McDonald, and St Aubin, Jeux Canada Games, 61.

27. Michael Dubnewick, et al., “‘There’s a Cultural Pride through Our Games’: Enhancing the Sport Experiences of Indigenous Youth in Canada through Participation in Traditional Games,” Journal of Sport and Social Issues 42, no. 4 (2018): pp. 207-226, https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723518758456, 208.

28. Sport Oral History Archive - INTERVIEW WITH PIERS MCDONALD, Sport Oral History Archive - INTERVIEW WITH PIERS MCDONALD, September 9, 2020, https://sportoralhistory.ca/exhibits/show/the-canada-games-collection--e/item/40, 42:50.

29. https://www.arcticwintergames.org/Benefits.html, “Benefits of the Arctic Winter Games,” Arctic Winter Games International Website Home, 2008, https://www.arcticwintergames.org/Benefits.html.

30. Dubnewick, et al., “‘There’s a Cultural Pride through Our Games,’” 220.

31. Sport Oral History Archive - INTERVIEW WITH DANIELLE MERASTY, Sport Oral History Archive - INTERVIEW WITH DANIELLE MERASTY, August 17, 2020, https://sportoralhistory.ca/exhibits/show/the-canada-games-collection--e/item/38, 00:29:20.

32. Aboriginal Sport Circle, “About,” Aboriginal Sport Circle, 2021, https://www.aboriginalsportcircle.ca/about.

33. Downey, The Creator's Game, 230.

34. Melissa C. Wiser, “Lacrosse History, a History of One Sport or Two? A Comparative Analysis of Men's Lacrosse and Women's Lacrosse in the United States,” The International Journal of the History of Sport 31, no. 13 (July 2014): pp. 1656-1676, https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2014.930709, 1663.

35. Wiser, “Lacrosse History, a History of One Sport or Two?” 1670.

36. Downey, The Creator's Game, 234.

37. Sport Oral History Archive - INTERVIEW WITH PIERS MCDONALD.