Notes

1. W. George Beers, Lacrosse: The National Game of Canada (Montreal: Dawson, 1879), https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.26411/15?r=0&s=1, 32.

2. Erin Mathany, “Canada Games Council: Lacrosse Returns to Canada Games in 2021,” Canada Games Council - Stories, April 11, 2019, https://www.canadagames.ca/stories/lacrosse-returns-to-canada-games-in-2021.

3. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Calls to Action (Winnipeg, Manitoba: Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, 2015).

4. Alexandra Arellano and Allan Downey, “Sport-for-Development and the Failure of Aboriginal Subjecthood: Re-Imagining Lacrosse as Resurgence in Indigenous Communities,” Settler Colonial Studies 9, no. 4 (2018): pp. 457-478, https://doi.org/10.1080/2201473x.2018.1537078, 460.

5. Allan Downey, The Creator's Game: Lacrosse, Identity, and Indigenous Nationhood (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2018), 38.

6. Fabrice Delsahut, “From Baggataway to Lacrosse: An Example of the Sportization of Native American Games,” The International Journal of the History of Sport 32, no. 7 (March 2015): pp. 923-938, https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2015.1038252, 925.

7. W. George Beers, Lacrosse: The National Game of Canada (Montreal: Dawson, 1879), https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.26411/15?r=0&s=1, 32.

8. Alexandra Arellano and Allan Downey, “Sport-for-Development and the Failure of Aboriginal Subjecthood: Re-Imagining Lacrosse as Resurgence in Indigenous Communities,” Settler Colonial Studies 9, no. 4 (2018): pp. 457-478, https://doi.org/10.1080/2201473x.2018.1537078, 464.

9. Donald M. Fisher, “‘Splendid but Undesirable Isolation:’ Recasting Canada’s National Game as Box Lacrosse, 1931-1932,” Sport History Review 36, no. 2 (2005): pp. 115-129, https://doi.org/10.1123/shr.36.2.115, 115.

10. Allan Downey, The Creator's Game: Lacrosse, Identity, and Indigenous Nationhood (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2018), 168.

11. Allan Downey, The Creator's Game: Lacrosse, Identity, and Indigenous Nationhood (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2018), 167.

12. Donald M. Fisher, “‘Splendid but Undesirable Isolation:’ Recasting Canada’s National Game as Box Lacrosse, 1931-1932,” Sport History Review 36, no. 2 (2005): pp. 115-129, https://doi.org/10.1123/shr.36.2.115, 117.

13. Allan Downey, The Creator's Game: Lacrosse, Identity, and Indigenous Nationhood (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2018), 189.

14. Allan Downey, The Creator's Game: Lacrosse, Identity, and Indigenous Nationhood (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2018), 195.

15. Canadian Lacrosse Association, “Rule and Situation Handbook Cover - LMMLC,” Lower Mainland Minor Lacrosse Commission, 2019, https://www.lmmlc.ca/docs/CLA_Rules.pdf, 10.

16. National Lacrosse League, “Box Lacrosse 101,” NLL, November 21, 2021, https://www.nll.com/community/box-lacrosse-101/.

17. Paul McLaughlin, David McDonald, and Claire St Aubin, Jeux Canada Games: The First Decade (Ottawa: the Canada Games Council, and Fitness and Amateur Sport, 1978), 28.

18. Paul McLaughlin, David McDonald, and Claire St Aubin, Jeux Canada Games: The First Decade (Ottawa: the Canada Games Council, and Fitness and Amateur Sport, 1978), 26.

19. Allan Downey, The Creator's Game: Lacrosse, Identity, and Indigenous Nationhood (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2018), 200.

20. 1973 Canada Games (City of St. Catharines, 1970), 12.

21. Allan Downey, The Creator's Game: Lacrosse, Identity, and Indigenous Nationhood (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2018), 200.

22. Robert Kossuth and David McMurray, “Reclaiming Canada through Its ‘Ancient’ Sport: Lacrosse and the Native Sons of Canada in Late 1920s Alberta,” The International Journal of the History of Sport 32, no. 14 (2015): pp. 1642-1660, https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2015.1072514, 1642.

23. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Calls to Action (Winnipeg, Manitoba: Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, 2015), 10.

24. “About IPC,” Indigenous Partnership Council 2022, 2021, https://ipc2022.ca/about-ipc/.

25. Paul McLaughlin, David McDonald, and Claire St Aubin, Jeux Canada Games: The First Decade (Ottawa: the Canada Games Council, and Fitness and Amateur Sport, 1978), 2.

26. Paul McLaughlin, David McDonald, and Claire St Aubin, Jeux Canada Games: The First Decade (Ottawa: the Canada Games Council, and Fitness and Amateur Sport, 1978), 61.

27. Michael Dubnewick et al., “‘There’s a Cultural Pride through Our Games’: Enhancing the Sport Experiences of Indigenous Youth in Canada through Participation in Traditional Games,” Journal of Sport and Social Issues 42, no. 4 (2018): pp. 207-226, https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723518758456, 208.

28. Sport Oral History Archive - INTERVIEW WITH PIERS MCDONALD, Sport Oral History Archive - INTERVIEW WITH PIERS MCDONALD, September 9, 2020, https://sportoralhistory.ca/exhibits/show/the-canada-games-collection--e/item/40, 42:50.

29. https://www.arcticwintergames.org/Benefits.html, “Benefits of the Arctic Winter Games,” Arctic Winter Games International Website Home, 2008, https://www.arcticwintergames.org/Benefits.html.

30. Michael Dubnewick et al., “‘There’s a Cultural Pride through Our Games’: Enhancing the Sport Experiences of Indigenous Youth in Canada through Participation in Traditional Games,” Journal of Sport and Social Issues 42, no. 4 (2018): pp. 207-226, https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723518758456, 220.

31. Sport Oral History Archive - INTERVIEW WITH DANIELLE MERASTY, Sport Oral History Archive - INTERVIEW WITH DANIELLE MERASTY, August 17, 2020, https://sportoralhistory.ca/exhibits/show/the-canada-games-collection--e/item/38, 00:29:20.

32. Aboriginal Sport Circle, “About,” Aboriginal Sport Circle, 2021, https://www.aboriginalsportcircle.ca/about.

33. Allan Downey, The Creator's Game: Lacrosse, Identity, and Indigenous Nationhood (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2018), 230.

34. Melissa C. Wiser, “Lacrosse History, a History of One Sport or Two? A Comparative Analysis of Men's Lacrosse and Women's Lacrosse in the United States,” The International Journal of the History of Sport 31, no. 13 (July 2014): pp. 1656-1676, https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2014.930709, 1663.

35. Melissa C. Wiser, “Lacrosse History, a History of One Sport or Two? A Comparative Analysis of Men's Lacrosse and Women's Lacrosse in the United States,” The International Journal of the History of Sport 31, no. 13 (July 2014): pp. 1656-1676, https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2014.930709, 1670.

36. Allan Downey, The Creator's Game: Lacrosse, Identity, and Indigenous Nationhood (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2018), 234.

37. Sport Oral History Archive - INTERVIEW WITH PIERS MCDONALD, Sport Oral History Archive - INTERVIEW WITH PIERS MCDONALD, September 9, 2020.